John Arnold (1736-1799) After being apprenticed to his father in Cornwall, John Arnold established himself in London in 1760. Four years later, he presented George III with a half quarter repeating cylinder watch mounted in a ring. By the time he was 28 years old, his watches, whether verge or cylinder, displayed some original components such as straight-line compensation curbs and minute repeating by increments of 10 minutes instead of the more normal 15. It was towards 1768 that he had begun his research into marine chronometers. In 1771 he established himself at 2 Adam Street, Adelphi Buildings, Strand, where most of his research into marine chronometers was carried out over the next eleven years. By 1774 Arnold had constructed a marine chronometer with pivoted detents, in 1776, he invented terminal curves for the cylindrical balance spring and this was included in the patent for a bimetallic compensated balance that he took out in 1782. He subsequently devised numerous different balances such as the Double T, Double S, Z, O-Z and U. All the earliest chronometers were fitted with a pivoted detent escapement. His spring detent escapement, developed from 1782, was also included in the same patent. He was admitted to the Clockmakers? Company in 1783. Arnold was the first to employ the term chronometer in the modern sense and who successfully found the way to simplify Harrison's timekeeper design. In 1787 he took his son, John Roger Arnold, into partnership, changing the business name to ?Arnold & Son?, which it retained until his death.