This book is entirely transcripted in J.-C. Sabrier: La Longitude en Mer à l'Heure de Louis Berthoud et Henri Motel, Antiquorum Editions, Genève 1993, pp. 331-348.Louis-Antoine de Bougainville, (1729-1811). Navigator born in Paris. Originally intended for the Bar he abandoned this career for that of marines. Aide-de-camp to Chevert in 1754, he was secretary to the Ambassador in London and then Captain of Dragoons and Colonel under Montcalm in Canada. After the peace of 1763 he entered the Navy and founded a dépôt in the Falkland Islands in collaboration with the ship builders of St. Malo. In the course of a voyage round the world effected in 1766-69, he eplored the Pomotu Islands, Tahiti, the Hamoa Islands which he called Iles des Navigateurs, the large Cyclades later known as New Hebrides, the Salomon Islands Archipelago, a part of New Ireland and New Guinea. During the War of American Independence he commanded a division of the Comte de Grasse. Promoted to Chef d'escadre in 1779, then to Maréchal de Camp in 1780 he was given command of the fleet at Brest in 1790. Member of the Institute in the section geography, and of the Bureau des Longitudein 1796, he was created a Senator and Comte de l'Empire. The account of his world voyage, Voyage autour du monde, published in 1771 (in quarto) and in 1772 (in octavo), enjoyed enormous success, this being the first such voyage to have been effected by a Frenchman.BOUGAINVILLE, Hyacinthe, baron de (1781-1846). Commodore, born in Brest, son of the renowned navigator Louis-Antoine de Bougainville (1729-1811), famous for his voyage round the world of which the account was first published in 1771.After his studies at the Navy's Ecole Polytechnique, Hyacinthe Bougainville took part in Baudin's expedition in Australia (1800-1803). He then served at the Navy's état-major (headquarters) of Bruix, became Lieutenant de vaisseau (first officer) and was made captain of Papillon in 1809. He was captured while he was bringing food supplies and munitions in Guadeloupe. In 1811 he was named frigate captain and baron de l'Empire in November of that year. He left Brest in December 1813 as captain of te frigate Cérés to wage war against the trade in the South Atlantic. He was, however, captured by a British division on January 6, 1814, off Cape Verde Islands. Ship captain in 1821, he commanded, from 1824 to 1826, a voyage round the world, with the ships Thétis and Espérance, which enabled him to gather important political and trade information on Far-East countries such as the Philippines, Malaysia, Indochina, Indonesia, and Australia. He became commodore in May 1838. He died in Paris on Octoer 18, 1846.